Kratom: Legal High or Underestimated Risk?

Kratom is a plant from Southeast Asia that is used to treat pain and as a stimulant. Kratom is often considered a dietary supplement, but it does come with risks. But how does it work and is it safe? This article explains the chemical composition, effects, legal status and risks of Kratom.

The most important things at a glance

• Kratom contains two main alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, which have both stimulant and sedative effects, each with different health risks.

• The legal status of kratom varies internationally; in Germany, although it is available, it is classified as unfit for human consumption, creating a legal grey area.

• Taking kratom can lead to serious health risks, including addiction, overdose, and serious side effects, so controlled dosages and safety measures are essential.

molecular structure and main alkaloids

Research into the chemical composition of kratom is essential to understand its effects and potential risks. The main alkaloids found in kratom are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. These substances are responsible for the diverse effects kratom has on the human body.

Mitragynine belongs to the group of mitragyna alkaloids and has the molecular formula C23H30N2O4. The plant Mitragyna speciosa, from which mitragynine is extracted, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Its chemical structure and its interactions in the human body are crucial for the effects of this plant. 7-hydroxymitragynine, another important alkaloid, also plays a central role in the pharmacological effects of kratom.

mitragynine

Mitragynine, the main alkaloid in kratom, was first isolated in 1921. With a molecular weight of 398.50 g/mol and the molecular formula C23H30N2O4, it is one of the more complex chemical compounds. The white amorphous crystals of this alkaloid have melting points between 102 and 106 °C and distill at temperatures of 230–240 °C at 5 mmHg.

The chemical structure of mitragynine is crucial to its effects. This alkaloid is known to have a similar effect to opioids, making it an interesting research subject for scientists and pharmacists. But the question remains: is this substance a miracle cure or does it carry underestimated risks?

7-hydroxymitragynine

7-Hydroxymitragynine was only identified in 1993 and is a major alkaloid in kratom. With a molecular weight of 414.50 g/mol, it is slightly heavier than mitragynine. This alkaloid is formed by the chemical conversion of mitragynine and is responsible for many of kratom's powerful effects.

The importance of 7-hydroxymitragynine lies in its potent pharmacological action. It is considered to be even more effective than mitragynine and contributes significantly to the analgesic and sedative properties of kratom.

But with great effect comes great risk – how do these substances affect the human body?

Physical form and origin

Kratom is a plant with a long history and many forms. Known as a tree with green, oval leaves, kratom is consumed in various physical forms, each of which can have different effects. The leaves of the kratom tree are often made into powder to make them usable for various forms of consumption. Kratom kratom trees are an interesting addition to the world of herbal remedies.

The geographical origin of the kratom tree is equally fascinating. Originally from the exotic regions of Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Thailand, the kratom tree has played a significant cultural and medicinal role in these societies. Let's delve deeper into the physical form and origin of this remarkable plant.

leaves and powder

The leaves of the kratom tree are oval to lance-shaped and can reach impressive sizes of up to 180 mm in length and 100 mm in width. These leaves are often dried and processed into powder that has a light to dark green color. Stable extracts of kratom are created by boiling water. This is done either partially or completely from aqueous suspensions of the kratom leaves.

Modern technologies in accredited laboratories analyze kratom products for heavy metals and pesticides to ensure that consumers receive a safe product. But despite these measures, the question remains: How safe are these products really?

origin of the kratom tree

The kratom tree, scientifically known as kratom mitragyna speciosa, is native to the dense forests of Southeast Asia. Countries such as Indonesia and Thailand are particularly known for their cultivation and traditional use of the kratom tree. This plant can also be found in regions such as the Philippines and New Guinea.

The long history of the kratom tree in these regions testifies to its importance in traditional medicine and culture. But how has the use of kratom evolved over the years, and what are the modern consumption habits today?

Pharmacology and Effects

The pharmacological properties of Kratom are varied and dependent on the dose. Kratom contains several alkaloids that can produce both stimulating and sedative effects. These effects are dose-dependent: while low doses have a stimulating effect, higher doses have a sedative and analgesic effect.

Before:

But with these effects come risks. Kratom has a wide range of side effects, ranging from dizziness to seizures. In extreme cases, it can even cause respiratory depression and death. Let's take a closer look at the dose-dependent effects and the associated risks.

Anus:

But with these effects come risks. Kratom has a broad side effect profile that includes:

• dizziness

• seizures

• respiratory depression

• deaths (in extreme cases)

Let us take a closer look at the dose-dependent effects and the associated risks.

Dose-dependent effects

Low doses of Kratom, typically between 1 and 5 grams, result in an increase in energy and alertness that begins within 10 minutes of ingestion. This stimulating effect is appreciated by many users who use Kratom as a natural way to increase their performance and herbal speed.

At higher doses, however, the effects can be drastically different. Above a certain amount, kratom can lead to a dream-like state accompanied by sedation and narcotic effects. This dual nature of effects makes kratom a fascinating but also potentially dangerous plant.

side effects and risks

The side effects of Kratom are varied and can be serious. Regular users often report:

• weight loss

• fatigue

• constipation

• hyperpigmentation

In more severe cases, hallucinations and reduced respiratory function may occur.

International reports document deaths associated with the use of kratom, especially in combination with other substances. Long-term use can lead to dependence, and withdrawal symptoms such as weakness and sleep disturbances can occur. These risks make it clear that kratom should be consumed with caution.

Traditional and modern applications

Kratom has a long history as a herbal medicine in Southeast Asia. The leaves of the kratom tree have been used for centuries to treat various ailments. But how has the use of kratom evolved over the years and what modern consumption habits exist today?

The traditional uses of kratom are varied, while modern consumption habits use it in different forms and for different purposes. Let's take a closer look at these two aspects.

Traditional Use

In Southeast Asia, kratom is traditionally used by chewing the leaves or making it into a tea. It is used to relieve coughs, stress and fatigue. Kratom is also used to increase physical performance and to treat wounds.

Fresh leaves of the kratom tree are typically stripped of leaf veins and chewed, usually using 1 to 3 leaves. Dried leaves can also be prepared as a tea, often with lemon juice to facilitate the extraction of the alkaloids.

These traditional practices demonstrate the versatility and importance of kratom in Southeast Asian culture.

Modern consumer habits

In modern times, the consumption of kratom has changed a lot. Many people now prefer kratom in capsule form, which allows for easy dosing and discreet use. These capsules contain powdered kratom leaves and are available in different strengths and varieties. Cocktails containing kratom have also become popular, often mixed with caffeinated drinks and cough syrup.

Kratom powder is often mixed into various drinks and foods to achieve its effects. These modern consumption habits demonstrate the changeability and adaptability of kratom to the needs of today's society.

But what about the legal situation?

Legal Status and Regulation

The legal status of Kratom varies widely and is often complex around the world. In Germany, Kratom is available in various forms, with sales occurring both online and in physical stores. However, Kratom is classified as not fit for human consumption, which does not make its sale and consumption illegal.

This legal grey area often leads to confusion and uncertainty among consumers. There have already been efforts to regulate kratom through the 'Novel Food' regulations. But what is the situation in other countries?

International regulations

In many countries, Kratom is subject to narcotics laws. In Australia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand, for example, Kratom is a controlled substance. Kratom is also classified as a drug of concern in Switzerland and the USA. In Europe, mitragynine and other alkaloids are controlled substances in countries such as Denmark, Latvia and Poland.

Kratom has very different legal statuses around the world, which can vary greatly from country to country. These differences make it difficult for consumers to find out about the legality of kratom and legal highs in their respective locations.

situation in Germany

In Germany, Kratom is mainly sold over the Internet. Although it is classified as unsuitable for human consumption, there are no specific laws prohibiting the sale or consumption of Kratom. This leads to a legal grey area that often means uncertainty for consumers. The consumer advice center classifies the consumption of Kratom as a significant risk.

There have already been efforts to regulate Kratom through the 'Novel Food' regulations in order to create clear guidelines for its sale and consumption. But to this day Kratom remains a controversial and poorly regulated product in Germany.

What about medical application and research?

Medical Application and Research

The leaves of the kratom plant have been used in Southeast Asian medicine for centuries to treat fatigue, increase work capacity, and improve mood and energy during social gatherings. Botanists are now investigating how this compares to modern medical research.

Kratom is also used to manage pain, mood swings, and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. These versatile uses make kratom an interesting subject for research. Let's take a closer look at its traditional medicinal uses and the current state of research.

Traditional medicinal use

Traditionally, kratom has been used in Southeast Asia to treat diarrhea, suppress coughs, treat diabetes, deworm intestinal diseases, treat wounds, and help people quit heroin. The active ingredients of kratom interact primarily with μ-opioid receptors in the human brain, which can lead to analgesic and sedative effects.

Dependence on kratom can occur, with withdrawal symptoms such as weakness and sleep disturbances generally subsiding within a week. These traditional uses demonstrate the broad therapeutic potential of kratom, which is also being investigated in modern medicine.

Current state of research

Kratom's therapeutic potential includes the treatment of pain, depression, and drug withdrawal symptoms. Studies have shown that kratom's main alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, have potentially therapeutic properties. However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge, particularly regarding its long-term health effects.

Researchers face the challenge of filling these gaps and developing clear guidelines for the safe use of kratom. Until then, kratom remains a controversial drug with promising but not yet fully understood potential.

analysis and purity

The purity and quality of kratom products are crucial to their safety and effectiveness. The analytical methods used to study kratom include chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and gas chromatography, as well as spectral analysis. These methods help identify the alkaloids of kratom and determine their concentrations.

However, the chemical composition of kratom products varies widely, and impurities can occur. Let's take a closer look at the analytical methods and typical purity levels of kratom products.

Analytical Methods

The alkaloids of kratom can be analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The mass spectrum of mitragynine shows significant fragments. These are located at masses 398, 383, 366, 269, 214, 200 and 186. The UV spectrum of mitragynine has a maximum at 225 nm. It also shows shoulders at 247, 285 and 293 nm.

These analytical methods are crucial to ensuring the purity and quality of kratom products. But how pure are these products, really?

Typical purity levels

In dried kratom leaves, the total concentration of alkaloids ranges from 0.5% to 1.5%. These values ​​vary depending on various factors. However, there are no uniform quality standards for kratom products, which increases the risk of contamination. In a forensic urine sample from a regular kratom user, a mitragynine concentration of 167 ng/ml was detected.

This variability in purity makes it difficult to ensure the safety and effectiveness of kratom products. What risks and safety measures should consumers be aware of?

market and availability

Kratom is available worldwide through various distribution channels. It is sold both online and in local stores that offer a wide range of products. But what does the market for Kratom look like and what product variants are there?

There are various product forms of Kratom available, including leaf powder, extracts, and capsules. This variety allows consumers to choose the form that suits them best. Let's take a closer look at the distribution channels and product variants of Kratom.

distribution channels

Kratom is increasingly sold through various online stores that offer a wide range of products. In addition to online stores, Kratom products are also available in specialized local stores and head shops. These distribution channels allow consumers to purchase Kratom easily and conveniently.

But with availability comes questions about the quality and safety of the products. What about the different product variants?

product variants

Kratom is sold in different product forms, including leaf powder, liquid extracts, and capsules. These products can have different potencies depending on their form and origin. The capsules, which come in different color categories such as green, red, white, and yellow, offer easy dosing and administration.

Maeng Da is one of the most popular Kratom variants, available in both powder and capsule form. This variety of product options allows consumers to choose the form that is best for them. But what risks and safety measures should be considered?

Risks and Safety Instructions

The risks associated with kratom are many and often related to the purity and quality of the products. Impure or contaminated kratom products can cause health risks and unwanted side effects. Laboratory analysis is crucial to ensure the purity of kratom products and to ensure that they are free of harmful substances.

To minimize the risks of consuming kratom, consumers should be aware of the potential side effects and safety measures. Let's take a closer look at the health risks and safety measures.

health risks

Taking kratom in high doses can cause serious overdose symptoms, including hallucinations and coma. An overdose can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in severe cases, respiratory depression. Excessive consumption can cause flu-like symptoms, nausea, muscle cramps, and mental health problems.

There have been reports of serious health effects such as liver damage, seizures and hallucinations in kratom users. These health risks make it clear that kratom should be consumed with caution.

security measures

Before:

Recommended measures to safely consume Kratom include controlling the dosage and being aware of the potential risks. To minimize risks, it is recommended to consume Kratom in controlled doses and not in combination with other depressant substances.

Anus:

Recommended measures for taking Kratom safely include:

1. To control the dosage.

2. Being aware of the potential risks.

3. Consume kratom in controlled doses.

4. Do not consume Kratom in combination with other depressive substances.

Due to its high addictive potential, the use of kratom should be avoided, especially by those with a history of drug use. It is also recommended not to combine kratom with alcohol or high amounts of caffeine to avoid possible negative interactions.

These safety measures can help minimize the risks of consuming kratom.

Summary

Kratom is a plant with diverse effects and uses that span both traditional and modern consumption habits. The chemical properties of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are crucial to the pharmacological effects of kratom. But with these effects come potential risks and side effects that should not be underestimated.

The legal situation of Kratom varies around the world and is often complex. While it is strictly regulated in some countries, Kratom is in a legal grey area in Germany. Medical research on Kratom is still in its early stages, but its therapeutic potential is promising. However, consumers should be aware of the risks and take appropriate safety measures to avoid negative effects.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Kratom and where does it come from?** **?

Kratom is a plant native to the forests of Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Thailand, that has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine. It is available today in various forms.

What are the main alkaloids in Kratom?** **?

The main alkaloids in Kratom are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, which play a crucial role in the effects of Kratom on the body.

What are the risks associated with consuming Kratom?** **?

Consuming kratom carries risks such as dizziness, nausea, hallucinations and respiratory depression. In addition, long-term use can lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms.

How is Kratom traditionally used?** **?

Kratom has been traditionally used in Southeast Asia to chew the leaves or make a tea to relieve coughs, stress and fatigue. These uses demonstrate the cultural roots and diverse uses of kratom.

What is the legal status of Kratom in Germany?** **?

The legal status of Kratom in Germany is that it is not classified as fit for human consumption, which means that its sale and consumption are not illegal. However, there are no specific laws that directly regulate the sale or consumption of Kratom.